What Is Kwashiorkor

What Is Kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease that mainly affects young children, especially after they are weaned off breast milk and are fed diets low in protein but high in carbohydrates, such as maize, rice, or cassava.

Key Facts About Kwashiorkor

• Protein Deficiency
  It results from inadequate protein intake, even if calorie intake is sufficient.
  It is different from marasmus, which involves deficiency of both protein and calories.

• Common in Developing Countries
  Often linked to poverty, famine, and poor access to healthcare and nutrition education.

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Age Group Affected
Typically occurs in children aged 6 months to 5 years, especially after weaning.

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Signs and Symptoms

• Edema (swelling), especially in legs and feet, due to fluid retention.
• Distended abdomen (swollen belly).
• Changes in skin and hair (discoloration, thinning, brittle hair).
• Irritability and lethargy.
• Growth retardation and muscle wasting.
• Weak immune system, increasing risk of infections.

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Causes Beyond Diet
In some cases, kwashiorkor can result from illness or infections that reduce appetite or impair nutrient absorption.source

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Biological Mechanism
Lack of protein reduces the production of albumin, a blood protein that helps retain fluid in blood vessels, leading to fluid leakage into tissues (edema).

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Treatment is Possible
Kwashiorkor is treatable with a proper diet rich in proteins, calories, vitamins, and minerals.
Severe cases require medical care, possibly with therapeutic foods and antibiotics.

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Long-Term Effects
If untreated, it can lead to permanent physical and mental stunting, and even death.
Survivors may experience cognitive and developmental delays.

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Prevention
● Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months.

● Educating caregivers on the importance of balanced diets, including protein-rich foods.

● Improving food security and maternal education.