Unlike many birds native to northern Europe, starlings are relatively sedentary in Australia and New Zealand. They do not exhibit large-scale seasonal movements, although juveniles may travel up to 2,000 kilometers when migrating from breeding grounds. In urban areas, they are more stable, with seasonal fluctuations in numbers due to high juvenile mortality and dispersal. However, small-scale regional movements in response to food availability are common, particularly in cultivated and deforested agricultural areas After sunrise, starlings leave their roosting grounds in large flocks of up to 25,000 birds, then disperse into smaller groups to various feeding areas. They usually feed within a two-kilometer radius of their roosting grounds, but may travel as far as 80 kilometers in areas where food is scarce. During the autumn and winter, they form larger flocks, leave their roosting grounds earlier, travel longer distances, and become less attached to specific feeding grounds. During these seasons, their short-range movements may be concentrated around feeding grounds rather than roosting or nesting grounds. Starlings need protein to survive and reproduce, with invertebrates making up more than half of their daily diet. They also eat fruits, berries, vegetables, meat, food scraps, and sprouted grain seeds.